{"id":46632,"date":"2019-03-29T10:15:30","date_gmt":"2019-03-29T14:15:30","guid":{"rendered":"\/ratifying-usmca-responsible-option-point\/"},"modified":"2019-04-03T06:48:25","modified_gmt":"2019-04-03T10:48:25","slug":"ratifying-usmca-responsible-option-point","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/staging.livingstonintl.com\/fr\/ratifying-usmca-responsible-option-point\/","title":{"rendered":"Ratifier l\u2019A\u00c9UMC est d\u00e9sormais la seule option qui s\u2019impose"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cet article a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9 d\u2019abord dans le <\/span><\/strong>Global Trade Magazine<\/span><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0le 29 mars\u00a02019<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/em><\/p>\n

par Candace\u00a0Sider, vice-pr\u00e9sidente des affaires gouvernementales et r\u00e9glementaires<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Le destin du libre-\u00e9change en Am\u00e9rique du Nord est en jeu.<\/p>\n

Ce sentiment \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 bien tangible il y a 18 mois, lors du d\u00e9but des n\u00e9gociations de l\u2019AL\u00c9NA. C\u2019\u00e9tait \u00e9galement le cas il y a six mois lorsque les deux parties n\u2019ont pu respecter la premi\u00e8re \u00e9ch\u00e9ance pr\u00e9vue. On aurait pu tirer la m\u00eame conclusion en octobre dernier, lorsque les \u00c9tats-Unis semblaient pr\u00eats \u00e0 signer une entente bilat\u00e9rale avec le Mexique, en excluant le Canada. Et c\u2019est toujours vrai aujourd\u2019hui, alors que l\u2019accord se perd dans les frasques de la politique \u00e0 Washington.<\/p>\n

Le d\u00e9voilement prochain du rapport de la U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC), qui procure aux membres du Congr\u00e8s une analyse approfondie des r\u00e9percussions \u00e9conomiques \u00e9ventuelles de l\u2019accord \u00c9tats-Unis-Mexique-Canada (A\u00c9UMC) propos\u00e9, pourrait bien avoir une influence minime sur les opposants de l\u2019accord au Congr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n

Selon un rapport r\u00e9cent dans Politico, l\u2019analyse de l\u2019ITC pr\u00e9sumera probablement que l\u2019USMCA aura un effet n\u00e9gligeable sur le PIB am\u00e9ricain, ce qui ne constituera pas une r\u00e9ponse convaincante aux plaintes formul\u00e9es par les d\u00e9mocrates au Congr\u00e8s, \u00e0 savoir que l\u2019accord ne pr\u00e9voit pas de m\u00e9canisme d\u2019application assez solides quant aux dispositions sur la main-d\u2019\u0153uvre. Comme si cela n\u2019\u00e9tait pas assez mena\u00e7ant, Ottawa \u00e9voque maintenant la possibilit\u00e9 de ne pas ratifier l\u2019A\u00c9UMC \u00e0 moins que Washington ne retire les droits de douane sur les importations d\u2019aluminium et d\u2019acier mentionn\u00e9s \u00e0 la Section 232.<\/p>\n

Et pourtant, nonobstant la guerre en cours au Capitole et les donn\u00e9es \u00e9ventuellement peu inspirantes du rapport de l\u2019ITC, la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 est que la ratification de l\u2019A\u00c9UMC est actuellement la meilleure option possible. Les autres solutions envisageables ne feraient que d\u00e9stabiliser davantage la confiance envers le commerce en Am\u00e9rique du Nord, et envers son avenir.<\/p>\n

Ren\u00e9gociation<\/h3>\n

Les D\u00e9mocrates demandent des m\u00e9canismes d\u2019application plus solides quant aux dispositions sur la main-d\u2019\u0153uvre de l\u2019A\u00c9UMC. Ces demandes correspondent \u00e0 la plainte de longue date du parti stipulant que l\u2019AL\u00c9NA offrait \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie aux salaires bas et \u00e0 la r\u00e9glementation l\u00e9g\u00e8re du Mexique un avantage marqu\u00e9 pour attirer les fabricants. Bien que les nouvelles dispositions sur la main-d\u2019\u0153uvre de l\u2019A\u00c9UMC abordent la question, les D\u00e9mocrates affirment que l\u2019accord n\u2019est pas assez vigoureux pour s\u2019assurer que le Mexique respecte sa part de l\u2019entente.<\/p>\n

Toutefois, pr\u00e9parer un nouveau m\u00e9canisme d\u2019application signifie un retour \u00e0 la table de n\u00e9gociation, ce qui n\u2019int\u00e9resse aucune partie, d\u2019autant plus que le pr\u00e9sent accord est le r\u00e9sultat de plus d\u2019une ann\u00e9e de n\u00e9gociation intense. Il est tr\u00e8s probable que le Canada et le Mexique exigent des concessions importantes en \u00e9change d\u2019un m\u00e9canisme d\u2019application plus solide, ce qui peut entra\u00eener le retrait d\u2019autres avantages pr\u00e9vus dans l\u2019accord.<\/p>\n

Le cas Trump<\/h3>\n

D\u2019une certaine fa\u00e7on, que l\u2019accord soit n\u00e9goci\u00e9 ou non importe peu. Le pr\u00e9sident am\u00e9ricain Donald Trump a d\u00e9j\u00e0 dit que si les D\u00e9mocrates tentent d\u2019invalider l\u2019A\u00c9UMC, que ce soit avant ou apr\u00e8s la ren\u00e9gociation sur les m\u00e9canismes d\u2019application, Washington allait simplement retirer les \u00c9tats-Unis de l\u2019AL\u00c9NA, liguant l\u2019administration contre le Congr\u00e8s dans une bataille juridique sur la prise de d\u00e9cision sur les \u00e9changes commerciaux, ce qui deviendra certainement une source de division pendant la campagne pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2020. Le pr\u00e9sident a r\u00e9cemment r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 sa menace de se retirer de l\u2019AL\u00c9NA pendant un entretien sur le r\u00e9seau Fox Business.<\/p>\n

Le r\u00e9sultat serait un retour \u00e0 un environnement commercial incertain, qui entra\u00eenerait certainement une baisse des investissements transfrontaliers puis des r\u00e9percussions sur les \u00e9conomies des trois pays de l\u2019A\u00c9UMC en plus de contrecarrer les efforts de Washington pour n\u00e9gocier des accords commerciaux avec le Japon, l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne et le Royaume-Uni, tous des partenaires \u00e9conomiques majeurs.<\/p>\n

Oubliez tout \u00e7a<\/h3>\n

Si la menace d\u2019un retrait de l\u2019AL\u00c9NA n\u2019est qu\u2019une fanfaronnade de la part du Pr\u00e9sident et si la ratification de l\u2019A\u00c9UMC aboutit dans une impasse au Congr\u00e8s, l\u2019autre solution est simplement d\u2019ignorer l\u2019accord ren\u00e9goci\u00e9 et de retourner \u00e0 l\u2019accord de l\u2019AL\u00c9NA original. Bien que cette possibilit\u00e9 soit viable et peu perturbatrice, la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 est que l\u2019A\u00c9UMC a fait des gains significatifs en modernisant le libre-\u00e9change en Am\u00e9rique du Nord, abordant des questions critiques comme l\u2019harmonisation de la r\u00e9glementation, l\u2019\u00e9conomie num\u00e9rique et la protection de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle, et bien d\u2019autres aspects qui ne sont pas mentionn\u00e9s dans l\u2019AL\u00c9NA. Seul le temps nous dira si ces mises \u00e0 jour entra\u00eeneront des gains tangibles pour le PIB ou l\u2019emploi. Mais \u00e0 tout le moins, elles motiveront les parties impliqu\u00e9es dans le commerce transfrontalier \u00e0 poursuivre et m\u00eame \u00e0 accro\u00eetre leurs activit\u00e9s. Comme le commerce en Am\u00e9rique du Nord repr\u00e9sente plus d\u2019un trilliard de dollars annuellement, il est essentiel de conserver au minimum les gains obtenus au cours des 25 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. C\u2019est exactement ce que fait l\u2019A\u00c9UMC, et plus encore.<\/p>\n

Des n\u00e9gociateurs chevronn\u00e9s et des sp\u00e9cialistes du commerce ont discut\u00e9 intens\u00e9ment pendant une ann\u00e9e pour arriver \u00e0 l\u2019accord pr\u00e9sentement sur la table, incluant les chapitres qui servent \u00e0 amener le libre-\u00e9change au 21e<\/sup>si\u00e8cle d\u2019une fa\u00e7on juste et \u00e9quitable. Il serait irresponsable de renoncer \u00e0 ces ajouts r\u00e9mun\u00e9rateurs pour des raisons de partisannerie, et les \u00e9lecteurs se tourneraient probablement contre leurs repr\u00e9sentants s\u2019ils agissaient de la sorte.<\/p>\n

Le meilleur plan d\u2019action<\/h3>\n

La chose la plus responsable et avantageuse \u00e0 faire pour le Congr\u00e8s est de ratifier l\u2019A\u00c9UMC. Voil\u00e0 l\u2019opinion d\u2019environ 400 entreprises et associations d\u2019entreprises qui font maintenant partie de la coalition de l\u2019ACEUM<\/a>, un regroupement d\u2019entreprises qui pensent de fa\u00e7on similaire, qui croient en l\u2019importance du libre-\u00e9change pour l\u2019\u00e9conomie et l\u2019emploi aux \u00c9tats-Unis et dont Livingston International fait partie.<\/p>\n

En raison des gains impressionnants effectu\u00e9s par l\u2019A\u00c9UMC pour d\u00e9velopper un environnement de libre-\u00e9change juste \u00e0 la grandeur du continent et des risques associ\u00e9s au retour \u00e0 la table de n\u00e9gociation ou au retrait de la ratification de l\u2019accord dans le cadre de la bataille \u00e9lectorale de 2020, il est essentiel que les l\u00e9gislateurs du Capitole fassent de la ratification du nouvel accord une priorit\u00e9 au cours des prochains mois.<\/p>\n

Autrement, les avantages du libre-\u00e9change seraient en p\u00e9ril, ainsi que tous les emplois qui en d\u00e9pendent, sans oublier que cela renforcerait la perception que les l\u00e9gislateurs favorisent la partisannerie \u00e0 la repr\u00e9sentation juste et efficace.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cet article a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9 d\u2019abord dans le Global Trade Magazine\u00a0le 29 mars\u00a02019 par Candace\u00a0Sider, vice-pr\u00e9sidente des affaires gouvernementales et r\u00e9glementaires Le destin du libre-\u00e9change en Am\u00e9rique du Nord est en jeu. Ce sentiment \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 bien tangible il y a 18 mois, lors du d\u00e9but des n\u00e9gociations de l\u2019AL\u00c9NA. C\u2019\u00e9tait \u00e9galement le cas il… Read more »<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":36,"featured_media":46576,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[182,7],"class_list":["post-46632","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nos-experts-vous-parlent","category-non-classifiee"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nRatifier l\u2019A\u00c9UMC est d\u00e9sormais la seule option qui s\u2019impose - Livingston International<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ratifier l\u2019A\u00c9UMC est d\u00e9sormais la seule option qui s\u2019impose - Livingston International\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cet article a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9 d\u2019abord dans le Global Trade Magazine\u00a0le 29 mars\u00a02019 par Candace\u00a0Sider, vice-pr\u00e9sidente des affaires gouvernementales et r\u00e9glementaires Le destin du libre-\u00e9change en Am\u00e9rique du Nord est en jeu. Ce sentiment \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 bien tangible il y a 18 mois, lors du d\u00e9but des n\u00e9gociations de l\u2019AL\u00c9NA. C\u2019\u00e9tait \u00e9galement le cas il... 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