{"id":34620,"date":"2016-12-06T19:02:03","date_gmt":"2016-12-06T19:02:03","guid":{"rendered":"\/non-classifiee\/trade-winds-four-part-series-shifting-attitudes-toward-trade-agreements-2\/"},"modified":"2016-12-13T16:30:03","modified_gmt":"2016-12-13T16:30:03","slug":"le-libre-echange-en-perspective-serie-de-quatre-articles-sur-levolution-des-attitudes-legard-du-libre-echange-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/staging.livingstonintl.com\/fr\/le-libre-echange-en-perspective-serie-de-quatre-articles-sur-levolution-des-attitudes-legard-du-libre-echange-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Le libre-\u00e9change en perspective \u2013 S\u00e9rie de quatre articles sur l\u2019\u00e9volution des attitudes \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard du libre-\u00e9change"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cet article de St\u00e9phan Galarneau, vice-pr\u00e9sident des ventes internes pour l\u2019Am\u00e9rique du Nord de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 internationale Livingston, a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9 le 5 d\u00e9cembre 2016 dans le Global Trade Magazine. Lisez l\u2019original ici.<\/a>
\n <\/p>\n

Partie 2\u00a0: Les entreprises canadiennes b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient d\u2019un soutien commercial incroyable; pourquoi n\u2019en profitent-elles pas\u00a0?<\/h2>\n

Par\u00a0St\u00e9phan Galarneau<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00c9tant donn\u00e9 l\u2019ampleur du d\u00e9bat public aux \u00c9tats-Unis \u00e0 propos des avantages disparates des accords de libre-\u00e9change, on pourrait croire que les entreprises am\u00e9ricaines trouvent difficilement des moyens d\u2019utiliser les accords de libre-\u00e9change [Link to\u00a0: http:\/\/www.globaltrademag.com\/uncategorized\/canada-concludes-free-trade-agreement-with-ukraine].<\/p>\n

Ce n\u2019est pas le cas. En fait, d\u2019apr\u00e8s une \u00e9tude r\u00e9cente de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 internationale Livingston<\/a>, les entreprises canadiennes ont beaucoup plus de difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 conqu\u00e9rir les march\u00e9s d\u2019exportation que les entreprises am\u00e9ricaines.<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9tude r\u00e9v\u00e8le que 23 pour cent des entreprises canadiennes trouvent qu\u2019il est difficile ou tr\u00e8s difficile d\u2019exporter, contre 16 pour cent seulement des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines. En outre, m\u00eame si les entreprises des deux pays ont tendance \u00e0 utiliser les accords de libre-\u00e9change dans une mesure relativement \u00e9gale, les entreprises am\u00e9ricaines semblent les utiliser de mani\u00e8re plus diversifi\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

En fait, trois fois plus d\u2019entreprises am\u00e9ricaines que canadiennes utilisent trois accords de libre-\u00e9change ou plus. En outre, le recours \u00e0 l\u2019Accord de libre-\u00e9change nord-am\u00e9ricain (ALENA)<\/a> par les entreprises canadiennes est le double de celui des \u00c9tats-Unis (61 contre 31 pour cent respectivement).<\/p>\n

Pour diverses raisons, les entreprises canadiennes ont des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 exporter vers les march\u00e9s \u00e9trangers (surtout en dehors des \u00c9tats-Unis), m\u00eame si la devise canadienne leur donne souvent un avantage concurrentiel. Pourquoi ?<\/p>\n

Les trois raisons principales mentionn\u00e9es par les entreprises canadiennes sont la complexit\u00e9 de la r\u00e9glementation du commerce international (16 pour cent), une connaissance insuffisante de la mani\u00e8re d\u2019aborder le commerce international (14 pour cent) et le niveau \u00e9lev\u00e9 des taxes et droits de douane (10 pour cent). Les deux premi\u00e8res raisons sont particuli\u00e8rement int\u00e9ressantes, car les entreprises canadiennes b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient d\u2019excellents m\u00e9canismes de soutien public et priv\u00e9 pour se lancer dans le commerce international.<\/p>\n

Au Canada, le secteur public offre depuis longtemps un soutien aux entreprises int\u00e9ress\u00e9es \u00e0 exporter, surtout par Exportation et d\u00e9veloppement Canada (EDC) qui offre des conseils sur toutes ces questions \u2013 des principaux march\u00e9s d\u2019exportation jusqu\u2019aux risques de change et aux brevets et droits d\u2019auteur. EDC aide \u00e9galement les entreprises int\u00e9ress\u00e9es en leur procurant un soutien en mati\u00e8re de financement.<\/p>\n

En outre, la Banque de d\u00e9veloppement du Canada (BDC) procure des services de capital-risque, de financement et de conseil aux entreprises qui envisagent d\u2019explorer les march\u00e9s des \u00c9tats-Unis et du monde.<\/p>\n

En plus de ces \u00e9tablissements, diverses organisations de soutien du secteur priv\u00e9 accordent leur aide aux entreprises qui ont l\u2019intention d\u2019exporter, en leur donnant des id\u00e9es et des conseils dans divers domaines, notamment l\u2019analyse des march\u00e9s \u00e9trangers, le recours et la conformit\u00e9 aux accords de libre-\u00e9change, et la cr\u00e9ation efficace de cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement continentales et internationales.<\/p>\n

Ces ressources publiques et priv\u00e9es deviendront plus critiques que jamais pour les entreprises canadiennes qui d\u00e9sirent b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier de l\u2019Accord \u00e9conomique et commercial global (AECG), une entente historique sign\u00e9e r\u00e9cemment entre le Canada et l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne qui \u00e9limine les droits de douane sur 98 pour cent des biens industriels et donne aux 28 pays de l\u2019Union un acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 du Canada.<\/p>\n

Lorsque les n\u00e9gociations en vue de cet accord ont d\u00e9but\u00e9 s\u00e9rieusement il y a sept ans, Ottawa avait comme simple objectif de d\u00e9couvrir un nouveau potentiel commercial pour les entreprises canadiennes. Cependant, avec l\u2019augmentation du sentiment protectionniste dans le secteur commercial habitu\u00e9 \u00e0 traiter avec les \u00c9tats-Unis, la possibilit\u00e9 de conqu\u00e9rir les march\u00e9s europ\u00e9ens pourrait s\u2019av\u00e9rer plus int\u00e9ressante pour les entreprises ambitieuses.<\/p>\n

Les services de soutien mentionn\u00e9s ci-dessus deviendront particuli\u00e8rement importants pour les petites entreprises canadiennes qui \u00e9prouvent habituellement plus de difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 exporter que les entreprises moyennes ou grandes. En fait, plus d\u2019un quart des petites entreprises (26 pour cent) consid\u00e8re qu\u2019il est difficile ou tr\u00e8s difficile de p\u00e9n\u00e9trer les march\u00e9s d\u2019exportation, contre 19 pour cent seulement pour les entreprises moyennes et grandes.<\/p>\n

Ces chiffres sont beaucoup moins prononc\u00e9s aux \u00c9tats-Unis, o\u00f9 seulement 18 pour cent et 11 pour cent des petites entreprises et des entreprises moyennes et grandes, respectivement, d\u00e9clarent avoir des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 exporter, ce qui r\u00e9v\u00e8le une plus forte volont\u00e9, au sud du 49e parall\u00e8le, de surmonter les obstacles au commerce international.<\/p>\n

De nombreuses entreprises canadiennes ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 des avantages du commerce international ainsi que des services de soutien \u00e0 leur disposition. Cependant, un grand nombre de ces entreprises se cantonne dans les secteurs d\u2019exportation classiques des ressources naturelles et des produits fabriqu\u00e9s, n\u00e9gligeant ainsi un potentiel consid\u00e9rable et inexploit\u00e9 pour le secteur des services<\/a> en expansion dans le pays.<\/p>\n

Ce secteur \u00e9volue avec l\u2019apparition de nouvelles m\u00e9thodes dans les secteurs industriel et technologique; il sera donc tr\u00e8s pertinent, pour ces entreprises dynamiques, d\u2019emporter leurs comp\u00e9tences et leurs id\u00e9es dans les march\u00e9s mondiaux. Apr\u00e8s tout, comme le pr\u00e9sident des \u00c9tats-Unis Barack Obama d\u00e9clarait r\u00e9cemment lors de sa visite \u00e0 Ottawa : \u00ab\u00a0Le monde a plus besoin du Canada.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

St\u00e9phan Galarneau est vice-pr\u00e9sident, ventes internes, Am\u00e9rique du Nord, de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 internationale Livingston<\/a>. Il dirige la gestion et les performances du groupe de vente de Livingston aux petites entreprises du Canada, depuis 2011. Son \u00e9quipe travaille exclusivement avec les entreprises petites et moyennes, dans le domaine des services de conseil en commerce international. Il poss\u00e8de plus de 25 ann\u00e9es d\u2019exp\u00e9rience dans ce secteur.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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